Chikungunya is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes, known for causing severe joint pain and fever. It can lead to long-term health issues and requires prompt medical attention.
- Outbreaks have occurred in countries in Africa, Americas, Asia, Europe, and the Caribbean, Indian and Pacific Oceans.
- There is a risk the virus will be spread to unaffected areas by infected travelers. There is currently no medicine to treat chikungunya virus infection.
- One Chikungunya vaccine (called IXCHIQ) is available in the United States.The vaccine is approved in adults age 18 or older and is administered as a single dose.
What is Chikungunya?
Chikungunya is a viral infection caused by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of fever and severe joint pain. While chikungunya is rarely fatal, it can cause debilitating joint pain and other long-term symptoms, significantly impacting the quality of life of those affected.
What are the symptoms of Chikungunya?
Symptoms of chikungunya typically appear 4 to 7 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito and can include:
- High fever
- Severe joint pain (often in the hands, wrists, and ankles)
- Muscle pain
- Headache
- Nausea
- Fatigue
- Rash
The acute phase of the illness usually lasts for a few days to a week, but joint pain can persist for months or even years in some cases, leading to chronic arthritis-like symptoms.
Who should get vaccinated for Chikungunya?
- Travelers to endemic areas: Especially those visiting regions with known outbreaks or spending prolonged periods outdoors.
- People with chronic conditions: Such as diabetes or cardiovascular diseases, as they are at higher risk of complications.
Where is Chikungunya commonly found in overseas countries?
Chikungunya is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, including parts of:
- Africa
- Asia
- Indian subcontinent
- Pacific Islands
- Caribbean
- Central and South America
Outbreaks have also been reported in Europe and North America, particularly in areas where Aedes mosquitoes are present. Travelers to these regions should take preventive measures to reduce the risk of infection.
How can Chikungunya be prevented?
Preventing chikungunya primarily involves avoiding mosquito bites and reducing mosquito habitats. Key preventive measures include:
- Using insect repellent: Apply repellents containing DEET or picaridin to exposed skin.
- Wearing protective clothing: Wear long sleeves, long pants, and socks to minimize skin exposure.
- Using mosquito nets: Sleep under mosquito nets, especially in areas without air conditioning or screens.
- Using screens: Ensure windows and doors have screens to keep mosquitoes out of living spaces.
These preventive measures are essential to reducing the risk of chikungunya and other mosquito-borne diseases.
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