Cholera

Cholera is spread through contaminated food or water. It is not usually spread directly from person to person, but it can be spread through contact with the feces of an infected person.

  • Cholera causes severe diarrhea and vomiting. If it isn’t treated quickly, it can lead to dehydration and even death.
  • Cholera is a risk mostly to people traveling to countries where the disease is common (Haiti, and parts of Africa, Asia, and the Pacific). While it is rare in the United States, cholera has also occurred among people eating raw or undercooked seafood from the Gulf Coast.
  • Besides being vaccinated, it is important to be careful about what you eat and drink while traveling and practice good personal hygiene to help prevent waterborne and foodborne diseases, including cholera.

What is Cholera?

Cholera is a bacterial infection caused by Vibrio cholerae. It spreads through contaminated water and food, particularly in areas with inadequate water treatment, poor sanitation, and insufficient hygiene. Cholera can cause rapid dehydration and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. Outbreaks are common in regions with limited access to clean water and sanitation facilities.

Who should be vaccinated?

Individuals who should be vaccinated for cholera include:

  • Travelers to cholera-endemic areas: Particularly those who will be living or working in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water.
  • Healthcare and aid workers: Operating in regions with ongoing cholera outbreaks.
  • Residents of endemic areas: During periods of high transmission or outbreaks.

Where is Cholera commonly found in overseas countries?

Cholera is most commonly found in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water, particularly in:

  • Africa
  • South Asia
  • Southeast Asia
  • Haiti

Countries with ongoing or recent outbreaks often face challenges related to inadequate water treatment and sanitation infrastructure. Travelers to these regions should be aware of the risk and take preventive measures.

How can Cholera be prevented?

Cholera can be effectively prevented through a combination of vaccination and good hygiene practices. The oral cholera vaccine provides protection against the disease and is recommended for travelers and residents in high-risk areas. Preventing cholera also involves:

  • Drinking safe water: Use bottled water or boil/treat water before drinking.
  • Hand hygiene: Wash hands frequently with soap and clean water, especially before eating or preparing food and after using the toilet.
  • Food safety: Eat food that is thoroughly cooked and hot, and avoid raw or undercooked seafood and unpeeled fruits and vegetables.