Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness that affects millions of people worldwide each year.

  • Influenza is still the most common vaccine preventable illness in travelers.
  • The CDC recommends that everyone 6 months and older get a flu vaccine every year.
  • Flu season varies from the Northern to Southern hemispheres and can be year-round in countries close to the equator.

What is Influenza?

Influenza is a viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system, including the nose, throat, and lungs. It is caused by influenza viruses, which are divided into types A, B, C, and D. Types A and B are responsible for the seasonal flu epidemics that occur each year. Influenza spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. It can also spread by touching surfaces contaminated with the virus and then touching the face.

What are the symptoms of Influenza?

Symptoms of influenza typically appear suddenly and can range from mild to severe. Common symptoms include:

  • High fever
  • Chills
  • Sore throat
  • Cough
  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Muscle or body aches
  • Fatigue
  • Headaches

Some people, especially children, may also experience vomiting and diarrhea. Symptoms usually last for about one week, but fatigue and cough can persist for several weeks.

How dangerous is Influenza?

Influenza can be dangerous, particularly for certain high-risk groups. While most people recover from the flu within a week or two, it can lead to severe complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, sinus infections, and worsening of chronic medical conditions like asthma, diabetes, and heart disease. High-risk groups include young children, pregnant women, elderly adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic health conditions. In severe cases, influenza can lead to hospitalization and even death.

Who should get vaccinated?

Individuals who should get vaccinated for influenza include:

  • Everyone aged 6 months and older, as recommended by health authorities
  • Pregnant women, to protect both mother and baby
  • Young children, especially those under 5 years old
  • Elderly adults, particularly those aged 65 and older
  • People with chronic health conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or heart disease
  • Healthcare workers and caregivers, to prevent the spread of the virus to vulnerable populations

Who is not at risk?

Individuals who are generally not at risk for influenza include:

  • Those who have received the annual flu vaccine and practice good hygiene
  • Individuals living in areas with high vaccination coverage, reducing the likelihood of exposure
  • People who avoid close contact with infected individuals and maintain healthy immune systems

Where is Influenza commonly found in overseas countries?

Influenza is a global concern and can be found in all parts of the world. It is most prevalent during the winter months in temperate regions, leading to seasonal epidemics. In tropical regions, influenza can occur year-round with varying intensity. Travelers should be aware of the flu season in their destination country and take preventive measures accordingly.

How can Influenza be prevented?

Influenza can be effectively prevented through annual vaccination. The flu vaccine is updated each year to protect against the most common strains of the virus expected to circulate. In addition to vaccination, practicing good hygiene can help prevent the spread of influenza. This includes frequent handwashing with soap and water, using hand sanitizers, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and staying home when experiencing flu-like symptoms. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet, regular exercise, and adequate sleep, can also help strengthen the immune system and reduce the risk of infection.