Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine: Protect Yourself from This Deadly Mosquito-Borne Virus

How Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is Transmitted

JE spreads through the bite of infected mosquitoes, which are most active during the evening and nighttime hours. These mosquitoes acquire the virus from infected animals, particularly pigs and birds, and then transmit it to humans. The virus does not spread from human to human.

Regions at High Risk for Japanese Encephalitis

JE is found throughout most of Asia and the Western Pacific, including India, China and Southeast Asia. Transmission primarily occurs in rural agricultural areas, especially in regions with rice cultivation and flood irrigation. In many parts of Asia, these conditions can also exist near urban areas. Risk is highest during the summer and fall, but is present year-round in regions closer to the equator.

The Risk of Japanese Encephalitis to Travelers

For most travelers, the risk of acquiring JE is very low. However, the risk increases for people living in or traveling to endemic areas for extended periods. Most individuals infected with JE do not exhibit symptoms. Those who do may experience mild symptoms such as fever and headache, or severe symptoms like encephalitis (swelling of the brain). Up to 30% of people who develop encephalitis will die, and about half of the survivors suffer from permanent disabilities, typically due to brain damage.

Who Should Receive the Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine?

The need for the JE vaccine depends on factors such as location, length of stay, season and planned activities. A travel health specialist can provide the best advice on whether to get the JE vaccine based on your specific travel plans.

The JE vaccine is recommended for individuals who:

• Plan to live in a country where JE is prevalent
• Plan to stay in a country where JE occurs for an extended period (usually more than a month), especially during high-risk seasons
• Frequently travel to countries where JE is common

Travelers spending less than a month in JE-endemic countries should also consider vaccination if they:

• Will visit rural areas or spend extended periods outdoors, including hiking and camping
• Have an open itinerary and are unsure of their travel plans

Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine Schedule for Children and Adults

The JE vaccine is approved for anyone aged 2 months and older. Pregnant women are usually advised not to receive the vaccine. It is administered as a 2-dose series, with a booster dose recommended after a year for those who remain at risk.

How Travelers Can Stay Protected From JE

In addition to vaccination, travelers can reduce their risk by avoiding mosquito bites. This can be done by using insect repellent, wearing clothing that covers most of the body, and using bed nets and screens. Staying in air-conditioned accommodations also helps lower the risk. Plan outdoor activities to avoid times when mosquitoes are most active.

In Summary

If you are traveling to Asia or other areas at risk for JE, take precautions to avoid mosquito bites and consult with a Travel Health Specialist to determine whether the JE vaccine is appropriate for you. JE is a specialized travel vaccine and may not be widely available, but our clinic always has it in stock and can assist you in deciding if it’s right for you.