Important Travel Health and Security Alerts for Travel to South America
South America continues to attract tourists with its breathtaking natural wonders like the Amazon and Patagonia, rich cultural heritage, and thrilling adventure opportunities from Machu Picchu to the Galápagos Islands. However, there are many current travel alerts and disease outbreaks in the region that we at TravelBug Health believe travelers need to be aware of.
Widespread Increase in Yellow Fever Activity
Yellow fever is historically endemic in the Amazon region, but recent cases and deaths have increased significantly in Colombia and Peru (east of the Andes). Yellow fever activity is also on the rise in Brazil, particularly in Pará and São Paulo states.
A yellow fever vaccine, administered at least 10 days prior to travel, provides excellent and lifelong protection.
Ecuador – Yellow Fever Vaccine Now Required for Some Travelers
Ecuador has reported its first locally acquired cases of yellow fever since 2017. Due to increased regional activity, effective May 12, 2025, Ecuador now requires proof of yellow fever vaccination for all travelers arriving from Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. The vaccine must be administered at least 10 days prior to entry.
Proof of vaccination can be obtained at a certified yellow fever clinic such as TravelBug Health.
Colombia – Yellow Fever Vaccination Required for Public Travel
Starting April 24, 2025, certified proof of yellow fever vaccination (administered at least 10 days prior) will be required by companies providing public transportation services, including road and river transport.
Proof of yellow fever vaccination is also required for entry into all national parks in Colombia.
Brazil – Yellow Fever, Chikungunya, Zika, and Oropouche Fever
-
Yellow fever is widespread in Brazil, with significantly increased activity in Pará and São Paulo states.
-
Brazil has reported nearly 213,000 cases of chikungunya so far in 2025, including 75 deaths, the highest number worldwide. Two highly effective vaccines for chikungunya are now licensed in the U.S., and both are available in-stock at TravelBug Health. Diligent insect bite precautions are also critical.
-
Brazil’s Ministry of Health reports approximately 3,600 cases of Oropouche fever, a two-fold increase over average rates. Most cases are in Espírito Santo (>1,200) and Rio de Janeiro (>1,100). Oropouche fever is transmitted by biting insects called midges and poses particular risk to pregnant women. Risk of acquiring Oropouche fever is reduced by practicing insect bite precautions. There is no vaccine available.
-
Over 1,300 Zika virus infections have been reported in Mato Grosso state since January 2025, also posing risk to pregnant women. Zika is transmitted by mosquitoes that bite during the day and live in close proximity to humans.
Ecuador, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru – Increased Pertussis
Ecuador reports a 13-fold increase in pertussis (whooping cough) cases over typical rates. Similar outbreaks are occurring in Brazil, Colombia, and Peru.
All travelers should receive a Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis) booster if it has been more than 2–3 years since their last dose.
Argentina – Typhoid in Greater Buenos Aires and Increased Measles Circulation
Argentina is experiencing increased measles activity, with both local and widespread outbreaks. All US travelers born after 1957 should have two documented doses of MMR vaccine. Infants under 12 months may require an early dose.
A significant rise in typhoid cases is reported in the Greater Buenos Aires area, likely linked to unsafe drinking water. Typhoid vaccination is recommended, along with strict food and water precautions and diligent hand hygiene.
Peru – State of Emergency Continues
Travelers to the Lima and Callao regions should remain alert and expect a visible presence of heavily armed security forces. Stay updated via local media and follow instructions from authorities. Carry a fully charged smartphone, avoid crowds or demonstrations, and consult your tour company if needed.
Plan Ahead
Even with the travel health alerts outlined above, we’re not suggesting you cancel or postpone your trip—unless you’re at high risk, such as being pregnant. Most of these health threats are preventable with the right precautions and immunizations. We want you to feel excited about your adventure, but as you plan your itinerary, be sure to visit a certified travel health clinic. At TravelBug Health, we stay up to date on global health developments and provide the vaccines, medications, and expert guidance you need to stay safe and healthy while traveling abroad. We have the expertise to discuss with you the various risks in the context of your own health, itinerary and risk tolerance.
Now Go Explore, but do it wisely.
